B={x|x is an even whole no less than 9}
Now

A)4/13 would be the larger number since if you were to try to add them, 4/13 = 40/130 and 3/10 = 39/130, 40/130 > 39/130
B) A rational number between them would be 39.5/130.
The scientist can use only the angle x and the distance y to calculate the distance between the Earth and the Sun using the cosine function.
cos x = BC / y
Solving for BC
BC = y cos x
BC is the distance between the Earth and the Sun :D