In the 10th century, major renovations of the great mosque at Córdoba were undertaken by Caliph Al-Hakam II. He undertook the renovations, which included a mosaic pattern for the Maqsura, in imitation of his UMAYYAD predecessors in Jerusalem and Damascus, who erected great Mosaic-clad monuments in the respective cities.
President Thomas Jefferson purchased the Louisiana Territory from France in 1803 and sent Meriwether Lewis and William Clark on an exploration to check out what the United States got.