Answer:
Eventually, railways lowered the cost of transporting many kinds of goods across great distances. These advances in transport helped drive settlement in the western regions of North America. They were also essential to the nation's industrialization. The resulting growth in productivity was astonishing.D
Explanation:
Answer:Islam had already spread into northern Africa by the mid-seventh century A.D., only a few decades after the prophet Muhammad moved with his followers from Mecca to Medina on the neighboring Arabian Peninsula (622 A.D./1 A.H.). The Arab conquest of Spain and the push of Arab armies as far as the Indus River culminated in an empire that stretched over three continents, a mere hundred years after the Prophet’s death. Between the eighth and ninth centuries, Arab traders and travelers, then African clerics, began to spread the religion along the eastern coast of Africa and to the western and central Sudan (literally, “Land of Black people”), stimulating the development of urban communities. Given its negotiated, practical approach to different cultural situations, it is perhaps more appropriate to consider Islam in Africa in terms of its multiple histories rather then as a unified movement.
The first converts were the Sudanese merchants, followed by a few rulers and courtiers (Ghana in the eleventh century and Mali in the thirteenth century). The masses of rural peasants, however, remained little touched. In the eleventh century, the Almoravid intervention , led by a group of Berber nomads who were strict observers of Islamic law, gave the conversion process a new momentum in the Ghana empire and beyond. The spread of Islam throughout the African continent was neither simultaneous nor uniform, but followed a gradual and adaptive path. However, the only written documents at our disposal for the period under consideration derive from Arab sources (see, for instance, accounts by geographers al-Bakri and Ibn Battuta)
Explanation: Hope this helps you~!<\3
When consulting a journal entry like this, it is <span>important to know which side the writer supported in the conflict because this can help determine any potential "bias" the writer may have had, which makes the source more usable and "in context". </span>
There are 4 conditional waves of Russian immigration to the United States.
The first was connected with the Russian development of America in the 18th-19th centuries and was represented by small Russian researchers who founded settlements along the Pacific coast.
The second took place at the turn of the 19th and 20th centuries and was represented by Jews from the Russian Empire.
The third - a small wave - was represented by political emigrants (mostly also Jews) from the USSR in the late 60s and early 70s.
And, finally, the most massive influx (the fourth wave) occurred during the fall of the Iron Curtain in the late 1980s and early 1990s, when numerous groups of Jews, Russians, Ukrainians and others arrived (mainly already at the turn of 20-21 centuries).
b: forts, many forts were built while heading west and provided a mostly safe and easy to defend place for traders to stop and settlers to live.
