Cleopatra was a ruthless but cunning Egyptian Pharaoh who was part of the Ptolemy dynasty. Her family had ruled over Egypt for around five-hundred years. When she turned eighteen years of age Cleopatra's father died and she married her brother as the pair then ruled over Egypt together. However, since Cleopatra was much older, she was the <em>real</em> headmaster of things and her brother did not get to make any dire decisions. However, her brother eventually grew older and overthrew her as the ruler of Egypt. So he forced Cleopatra out of Egypt and into exile she went.
Thereafter Cleopatra gave herself to a man named Julius Caesar and he helped her to reclaim the throne. They killed Cleopatra's younger brother Ptolemy XIII by drowning him and completely decimated Ptolemy's army too. After Cleopatra took back the power, she and Julius Caesar fell in love and had a child. This child's name was Caesarion. Cleopatra then left Egypt for a vacation in Rome, wherein she stayed in one of Caesar's houses. The two had a fine romance for a bit, but then Julius Caesar, who was also Rome's military general, got murdered by rebellious men.
Marc Antony emerged as Rome's next great leader and subsequently Cleopatra forgot about Julius Caesar and fell in love with this man instead. They also shared a disliking for another one of Rome's leaders in Octavian and formed a military alliance against him, because he was the legal heir of Julius Caesar. But Cleopatra wanted her son, Caesarion, to be Caesar's heir and to someday become ruler of Rome. So Cleopatra and Antony engaged in warfare with Octavian but was defeated, and after this devastating defeat the pair retreated to Egypt. Marc Antony, however, wasn't going so quick to give up like his significant other. He returned to the battlefield in Rome and upon listening to false reports that Cleopatra was murdered, he killed himself. Then, for the same reason, Cleopatra killed herself. And so went the life of Cleopatra.
1. Jacob Riis. In the late 1800s, the rapid growth of cities during America's second wave of industrialization produced serious problems. Overcrowding in huge apartment buildings known as tenements were unsanitary, and garbage accumulated in the streets, leading to the spread of disease. Poverty was common, and crime was a result. Jacob Riis was a Danish immigrant who took photographs of the horrible living conditions in New York City. His photos in "How the Other Half Lives" shocked Americans and resulted in many reformers campaigning for better water and sewage systems and vaccinations.
2. NAACP. The NAACP, or the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People, was formed in 1909. In the late 1800s and early 1900s, African Americans in the North and South faced discrimination. Even though slavery had been abolished by the 13th amendment in 1865, African Americans were denied basic rights. Many notable African Americans from this time period advocated for full equality, such as Booker T. Washington, Ida B. Wells, and W.E.B. Dubois. Dubois believed that under no circumstances should African Americans accept segregation, and he helped found the NAACP to help with attempts to gain legal and economic equality for African Americans.
3. Conservation. The protection and preservation of natural resources is known as conservation. One of the most prominent leaders of the conservation movement was President Theodore Roosevelt. A progressive president and an avid outdoorsman, Roosevelt began to protect America's natural resources by establishing some of the first national parks for future generations. Other progressive presidents, such as William H. Taft and Woodrow Wilson, also contributed greatly to conservation efforts in the early 1900s.
4. Jim Crow Laws. After the abolition of slavery in 1865, laws in Southern states were put into place to separate blacks and whites. These laws were called "Jim Crow" laws, named after a character in a song. Jim Crow laws required the separation of African Americans and whites in nearly any public place they might come in contact with each other. A famous court case in 1896, Plessy v. Ferguson enforced the concept of "separate but equal" facilities and institutions to segregate blacks and whites.
Democrats are liberal and Republicans are Conservative. Hope this helps :)
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