The correct answer to this question is letter "C.grew in power and authority." One effect of the Crusades was that the Catholic Church grew in power and authority. The Crusades refer to the series of military campaigns during the time of Medieval England against the Muslims of the Middle East.
Gaius marius was noted for his important reforms of Roman armies, authorizing recruitment of landless citizens, eliminating the manipular military formations, and reorganizing the structure of the legions into separate cohorts.
Marius defeated the invading Germanic tribes (the Teutones, Ambrones,
and the Cimbri), for which he was called "the third founder of Rome." His life and career were significant in Rome's transformation from Republic to Empire.
