I think they saw nature in a spiritual way as the collective "Over-soul" of all the souls that create and reside in every form in creation. That means that very soul is one with and is the Over-soul, which some call God, but Dickinson and Whitman may have thought that word had to much connections to organized religion which has a different definition than they had.
Answer: For part A: It is A, to create a divide between allies. And for Part B: I am going to go with C because it is about him giving something to other people so they won't favor the rich people. This answer pretty much restates my answer for Part A.
The question of how to practice morality and doing the right things falls under the category of ethics.
