Answer:
D.) a low infant mortality rate.
Explanation:
I'm pretty sure that the answer is 'the Romans"
Artisans organized medieval crafting guilds for a very good reason - it was mostly because it benefited themselves. They found out that if they stuck together and helped each other out in certain times, it was beneficial for them as they could earn more and have less "stress" with not having jobs or enough equimpent or knowledge.
The answer to the question is D
To punish the colonists for their disobedience