What are some of the challenges scientists most overcome when studying extreme environments such as deep space or the deep ocean
1 answer:
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About the question:
You will find the pedigree in the attached files
Answer:
- individual 4 → Affected woman → Black circle
- individual 5 → Affected woman or man → Black circle or square
- individual 7 → Healthy woman → Empty circle
- individual 10 → Affected boy → Black Square
Explanation:
Mitochondrial inheritance is the transmission of a disease or a trait from the maternal line.
<em>Most of the DNI is in the nucleus, but there is also DNI in mitochondria. Sperm cells hardly transfer mitochondrial genes to the progeny</em>, so mitochondrial DNI is mostly inherited from the maternal side. If there exists any mutation in this mitochondrial DNI, the whole progeny of the mutated woman will be affected, as they will get the mother genotype carrying the mutation. On the contrary, if an affected man is carrying a mutation in mitochondrial DNI, non of their descendants will get the disease.
Before answering the question, let us remember the pedigree symbols.
- Squares represent Males/Men
- Circles represent Females/Women
- Empty symbols represent healthy/non-affected individuals
- Solid black symbols represent sick/affected individuals
In the exposed pedigree, we can see that the mother is affected by the disease (individual number 2), so all her children are also affected (individuals 4, 5, and 6) because the <em>disease is mitochondrially inherited</em>.
Individual 3 is a healthy man, so individual 4 must be an affected woman (Black circle). As she is the one affected, then all her children will also be affected. This couple <em>had one boy and two girls</em>. Individuals 8 and 9 are girls (circle), so individual 10 must be the affected boy (black square).
On the other hand, individual 6 is an affected man (black square), son of individuals 1 and 2. This man couples with a woman, and they have all healthy children. So this woman (individual 7) must be healthy. Even though the man is affected, all their children are not because their mother (7) is not. Remember that sperm cells do not transmit the mitochondrial genes to the progeny.
And finally, individual number 5 might be either a man or a woman. In any case, this person is also affected by Leigh's disease.
Answer:
D. Weight varies with location, but mass does not vary
Explanation:
Weight can be defined as the force acting on a body or an object as a result of gravity.
Mathematically, the weight of an object is given by the formula;
Where;
- m is the mass of the object.
- g is the acceleration due to gravity.
Mass can be defined as a measure of the amount of matter an object or a body comprises of. The standard unit of measurement of the mass of an object or a body is kilograms.
Irrespective of the location of an object or a body at a given moment in time, the mass (amount of matter that they're made up of) is constant. This ultimately implies that, whether you're in the moon, space, earth or any other place, your mass remains the same (constant).
<em>Hence, the statement that correctly compares mass and weight is that, weight varies with location, but mass does not vary. This is simply because acceleration due to gravity changes with location i.e its value varies with the planets.</em>