The civil war came to an end when a big turning point Lincoln did the emancipation proclamation when freed slaves in the south if they can get to the north. With England not joining the Confederacy, the lost men, military and strength. The war ended in Spring, 1865. Robert E. Lee surrendered the last major Confederate army to Ulysses S. Grant at Appomattox Courthouse on April 9, 1865.
The majority of the European uprisings failed as a result of military force and a lack of popular support. (Option b).
Revolutions of 1848, constituted a series of republican revolts against European monarchies, beginning in Sicily, and spreading to France, Germany, Italy, and the Austrian Empire. All those riots resulted in failure and repression, following by widespread disillusionment among liberals.
If by democratic you mean the Democratic Party in the US, then the answer is 2: providing for public health care.
I think it is Benedict Arnold