If you have a distension of the stomach that can mean one 4 or more things. you ate something bad or old. you spun around in circles and feel like throwing up. you get a headache and you feel sick from your stomach. you got a stomachache
Answer:
Pulmonary fibrosis is a disease that affects the lungs. The lung tissue becomes damaged and scarred which causes it to be thickened and stiff.
The condition pulmonary fibrosis is caused by the replacement of elastic fibers in the lung with inelastic collagen fibers. This decreases the lungs’ ability to stretch outwards.
Pulmonary fibrosis however mainly affects inspiration because the lungs cannot stretch to increase volume while during expiration stretching of the tissues doesn’t happen so it doesn’t affect the process.
Answer:
Helper T cells stimulate B-cells to produce antibodies and killer T cells to destroy the non-self cells. Cytotoxic T cells on the other hand are direct attack cells. They can kill the micro organisms by creating pores on the invader's cell.
Explanation:
T lymphocyte mediated immunity of cell mediated immunity do not secrete antibodies but they help stimulate the B cells to produce them. Immature T cells are produced in bone marrow from where they migrate to thymus via blood. In the thymus maturation of T cells occur and then they migrate to lymphoid tissue and get differentiated into three types:
a. Helper T cells: As the name suggests, they help in activating other immune cells, in other terms they are the regulator of virtually all functions of immune system. Protein mediator called lymphokines are produced by these helper T cells in order to regulate the immune functions. Some examples of these lymphokines are: Interleukin-2 interleukin-3, interferon gamma. T helper cells stimulate the B-cells to produce antibodies.
b. Cytotoxic cells or killer T cells: The lymphokine interleukin-2 is responsible for the growth and proliferation of both cytotoxic T cells and suppressor T cells. With the help of receptor proteins on the surface of killer T cells, they bind to the specific antigen. After binding, they secrete a pore forming protein called perforins which create pores on the invaders cell membrane for water to enter into it thereby cell swells and finally lyse.
c. Suppressor T cells: They suppress the function of above two T cells.
Explanation:
Temperature is the amount of heat energy contained in the air, and we measure this in degrees. Air pressure is the amount of pressure exerted by the air in a particular air mass. Humidity is a measure of the water content of the air mass. Clouds are tiny drops of water or ice that form in the atmosphere.
The species that you and all other living human beings on this planet belong to isHomo sapiens. During a time of dramatic climate change 200,000 years ago, Homo sapiens evolved in Africa. Like other early humans that were living at this time, they gathered and hunted food, and evolved behaviors that helped them respond to the challenges of survival in unstable environments.
