Answer:
The most important things for a cell are oxygen in order to respire and Glucose, also for respiration. This is used in a process called glycolysis where the cell makes a chemical called ATP which is basically our energy. ... So basically a cell needs lots to stay alive.
Explanation:
I'd say B for it to "B" right :D
Answer: Phagocyte receptors that detect PAMPs
Explanation:
TLRs or Toll-like receptors, are a family of proteins that are part of the innate immune system. TLRs are transmembranous and recognize pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs), which are groups of chemical characteristics common to certain types of pathogens. Patterns detected by TLRs include lipopolysaccharide, a compound found on the surfaces of Gram-negative bacteria, and double-stranded RNA, which is an integral part of the life cycles of many viruses. These PAMPs are generally important for the survival of the pathogen, so they are well preserved. <u>Activation of these receptors induces inflammatory responses in leukocytes of myeloid lineage, signaling via NF-κB, which is a transcription factor that activates pro-inflammatory genes</u>. Activated TLRs also increase the production of co-stimulatory molecules such as CD80, CD86 and CD40. These proteins, expressed on the surface of antigen-presenting cells, are necessary for the activation of T-lymphocytes by dentritic cells and macrophages already showing antigens in their MHC type II molecules (Major Histocompatibility Complex, they participate in the presentation of antigens to T lymphocytes)
<u>In addition, TLR-mediated signaling on antigen-presenting cells (APCs) plays an important role in linking the innate and adaptive immune responses</u>.
Answer: Point mutation
There are several different types of mutations possible in the base sequence of DNA. If a GGC (glycine) codon were changed to UGC (cysteine), it would be termed a point mutation.
Explanation:
Point mutation is caused when a nitrogenous base (purine or pyrimidine) is substituted by another base of the same or different class in a nucleotide. So, GGC (glycine) codon to UGC (cysteine) signifies the change of the first base - guanine to uracil.
Other types of mutation include insertion and deletion.
But in this case, point mutation is said to have occurred.