Quartiles show where 25% of the population lies. Since the bottom quartile is 78, we know 25% would be under. Since 102 is the upper quartile, 25% would be above.
We can also create further quartiles between the median and those quartiles.
If 50 is your 100%, take 100 and 90 for example it would be obvious that is it 10% off, so with 50 since it is half of 100 you double the 10% which will be 20%. :)