Answer:
Trans-Saharan trade requires travel across the Sahara between sub-Saharan Africa and North Africa. While existing from prehistoric times, the peak of trade extended from the 8th century until the early 17th century. The Sahara once had a very different environment. In Libya and Algeria, from at least 7000 BC, there was pastoralism, the herding of sheep, goats, large settlements, and pottery. Cattle were introduced to the Central Sahara (Ahaggar) from 4000 to 3500 BC. Remarkable rock paintings (dated 3500 to 2500 BC), in places which are currently very dry, portray vegetation, and animal presence rather different from modern expectations.[1]
As a desert, Sahara is now a hostile expanse that separates the Mediterranean economy from the economy of the Niger basin. As Fernand Braudel points out that crossing such a zone (especially without mechanized transport) is worthwhile only when exceptional circumstances cause the expected gain to outweigh the cost and danger.[2]
Trade, beginning around 300 CE, [3] was conducted by caravans of camels. According to Ibn Battuta, the explorer who accompanied one of the caravans, the average size per caravan was 1,000 camels; some caravans were as large as 12,000.[4][5] The caravans would be guided by highly paid Berbers who knew the desert and could ensure safe passage from their fellow desert nomads. The survival of a caravan was precarious and would rely on careful coordination. Runners would be sent ahead to oases so that water could be shipped out to the caravan when it was still several days away, as the caravans could not easily carry enough with them to make the full journey. In the middle of the 14th century Ibn Battuta crossed the desert from Sijilmasa via the salt mines at Taghaza to the oasis of Oualata. A guide was sent ahead and water was brought on a journey of four days from Oualata to meet the caravan.[6]
Explanation:
hope this help plese mark branlest
3. Selling religious positions for money
Answer:
A. the refusal of southern states to ratify the Thirteenth Amendment
Explanation:
Towards the American Civil war that lasted between 1861 to 1865. There was constant tension between the federal government and the Southern colonies on the issue of slavery.
Hence, given that thirteen amendments were about slavery abolition and which was not ratified by the south.
Therefore, the fight for the balance of power which is influenced by the issue of slavery led to the federal government's decision to divide the South in this way.
Answer:
Answer the questions using the drop-down menus.
Which is the independent variable in this experiment?
✔ angle of light
Which is the dependent variable in this experiment?
✔ temperature of material
Which is a controlled variable in this experiment?
✔ type of material
Explanation:
this is question 5 not question 2
Too much power to the central government.
