The answer is D. All of the above, as different changes in the environment can lead to many different things.
IF over land....
They used covered wagons and traveled in trains
IF over sea...
They traveled around the cape horn in the earlier times, and in the later times...
They traveled through the Panama Canal
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One reason the Catholic church became less powerful in the 14th-15th century is due to the rise of a new religion that contradicted it's beliefs, and offered more than Catholic rituals. Protestantism was the religion that caused the Catholics to weaken in power. It was promoted by England and other European entities. Because of this, influence of the Vatican diminished.
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