Peptidoglycan in the bacterial cell envelope is an ideal target for antibiotics because Antibiotics limit bacterial growth and replication by interfering with the bacterial cell wall.
- Penicillin is one of many antibiotics that assault the bacterial cell wall in order to operate.
- The medications specifically stop the bacteria from producing peptidoglycan, a chemical that gives the cell wall the toughness it needs to live in the human body.
- Simply put, a lot of antibiotics, like vancomycin, which like -lactam antibiotics targets the peptidoglycan in the cell wall, are ineffective against,
- Gram-negative bacteria because they lack the molecular characteristics necessary to employ these pathways to efficiently breach the outer membrane.
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Answer: Phylum Basidiomycota .
The typical characteristic of Basidiomycota is the presence of hyphae and filaments.This phylum belongs to the kingdom Fungi.
Mushroom contains the basidium which is a club shaped spore containing organ.This facilitates the process of sexual reproduction.
While both carbohydrates and lipids are made up of carbon, hydrogen and oxygen there are several differences:
1. Carbohydrates are chains of 2 or more carbon atoms. These can be very lengthy (like long cellulose chains of glucose units). They have many polar OH groups (e.g. glucose - C6H6O6). Most carbohydrates are hydrophilic and are soluble in water because of their polar OH groups. They are not necessarily sugars nor are they necessarily sweet. They are also important components of DNA, RNA and ATP.
2. Lipids are more diverse in their chemistry. They generally have a polar region at one end (this end attracts water) and a large non polar hydrocarbon region that repels water. Lipids don't dissolve in water and instead clump together with their hydrocarbon regions on the interior. Lipids include oils, fatty acids, waxes, steroids and hormones.
It brings a transport liquid into close contact with all cells in the body
