Answer:
Direct write-off method and Allowance Method
Polar region, area around the North Pole or the South Pole. ...
The answer is conditioned response. In classical
conditioning, it is the learned answer to the formerly neutral
stimulus. For instance, let's assume that the odor of food is an unconditioned
stimulus, a feeling of starvation in reply the smell is an unconditioned reply,
and the sound of a whistle is the conditioned stimulus. The conditioned
response would be the feel of hungry when you perceived the sound of the
whistle.