Hello there!! Here is your answer: The Wars of religion were a series of religious wars which were waged in Europe in the 16th, 17th and early 18th centuries. The wars, which were fought after the Protestant Reformation began in 1517, disrupted the religious and political order in the Catholic countries of Europe. However, religion was not the only cause of the wars, which also included revolts, territorial ambitions, and Great Power conflicts. For example, by the end of the Thirty Years' War (1618–1648), Catholic France was allied with the Protestant forces against the Catholic Habsburg monarchy. The wars were largely ended by the Peace of Westphalia (1648), establishing a new political order that is now known as Westphalian sovereignty.
The conflicts began with the minor Knights' Revolt (1522), followed by the larger German Peasants' War (1524–1525) in the Holy Roman Empire. Warfare intensified after the Catholic Church began the Counter-Reformation in 1545 against the growth of Protestantism. The conflicts culminated in the Thirty Years' War (1618–1648), which devastated Germany and killed one-third of its population. The Peace of Westphalia (1648) put an end to the war by recognising three separate Christian traditions in the Holy Roman Empire: Roman Catholicism, Lutheranism, and Calvinism.[4][5] Although many European leaders were "sickened" by the bloodshed by 1648,[6] religious wars continued to be waged in the post-Westphalian period until the 1710s, including the Wars of the Three Kingdoms (1639–1651) on the British Isles, the Savoyard–Waldensian wars (1655–1690), and the Toggenburg War (1712) in the Western Alps. Popular memory of the wars lasted even longer. =THIS INFORMATION IS FOUND FROM WIKIPEDIA=
Beginning with the battle of Orleans, Joan of Arc entered the Burgundian territory disguised as a male. She then met the future King Charles and made a good impression by him. She was said to be the inspiration of a collapsing France, so the court provided her with troops and support. She revived the lost hope of France, winning battles one after another. Joan carried her banner in battle and is said to have never killed anyone. However in the year 1430, she was later captured at Compiegne by Lionel de Wandomme. She was imprisoned at Beaurevoir castle and was later transferred to a keep Rouen. Joan was trialed by pro-Anglo clerics and was declared as heretic and a witch. She was executed by burning in the same year 1430.
Southern Africa was dominated by the kingdom of Great Zimbabwe during the Middle Ages in Europe.
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European Middle Ages:</h3>
- The Middle Ages or medieval period in European history lasted roughly from the 5th to the late 15th centuries, similar to the post-classical period in global history.
- It started with the fall of the Western Roman Empire and progressed to the Renaissance and the Age of Discovery.
- The Middle Ages are the middle period of Western history's three traditional divisions: classical antiquity, the medieval period, and the modern period.
- The medieval period is divided into three parts: the Early, High, and Late Middle Ages.
- During the European Middle Ages, the kingdom of Great Zimbabwe dominated Southern Africa.
Therefore, Southern Africa was dominated by the kingdom of Great Zimbabwe during the Middle Ages in Europe.
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The assassination of Archeduke Franz Ferdinand of Austria and misunderstanding in diplomatic communications.
