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Answer: FEDERAL INCOME TAX
Explanation:
The most likely tax that follows the principle that states that people should pay based on their ability is the federal income tax. This tax is progressive as the high income earners pay a higher percentage as tax when compared to he low income earners.
The sales tax and doctors license fees aren't progressive, as the rich and the poor all pay same amount. This doesn't align with the principle.
By 'go through', you simply just have to be voted in. the process is rather simple, than what you would expect.
Following group was most denied the protection of democratic principles because of Executive Order 9066 :
( A ) Japanese Americans