Answer:
Why can't the Fed push the rate any lower than zero?
Real interest rates can be lower than zero, or negative (because inflation rate is higher than interest rate), but nominal interest rates are generally only limited to zero. But during this same time, the European Central Bank actually started paying negative interest rates on money deposits and many European private banks followed. That means that they charged people for having their money on the bank.
Why do you think that the Fed was so seemingly reluctant to push the rate all the way to the floor?
The reason why the Fed was not willing to push the interest rates to zero or even below zero was that by doing so, the US dollar would have depreciated or lost value. In Europe this was done to encourage people to spend their money and not save as much, but in the US that is not really a problem. Generally in the US the problem is that people spend too much and save too little, but on some European countries and Japan, people tend to save too much. For example in Japan the national savings rate fluctuates between 22-40%, while the maximum savings rate in the US has been 10.4% in 1960, it currently is around 7.6%.
Answer:
$205,592
Explanation:
Interest cost is the Present Value of this $ 20,000 annuity streams at time zero i.e. ( Year 2022
Value of annuity stream = $ 20,000 x 11.11839
Present Value of annuity streams at 2015 =$ 222,367.80
Discount Factor for 2017 = (1.04)-2 = 0.92456
Present Value at 2022= $ 222,367.80 x 0.92456
Service Cost= $ 205,592
Answer:
$120 billion
Explanation:
Economy operating at $300 billion above its natural level of output.
Marginal propensity to consume, MPC = 3/5 = 0.6
For closing this expansionary gap, the government have to decrease its spending by the amount calculated as follows:
Spending multiplier:
= 1/ (1 - MPC)
= 1/ (1 - 0.6)
= 1/ 0.4
= 2.5
Hence, the government spending reduces by
= Expansionary gap ÷ Spending multiplier
= $300 ÷ 2.5
= $120 billion
E. Increases; unemployment rate will increase
