The first two atoms go on the first ring and the other four go on the second.
Dichotomous key ask what?
Answer:
Eukaryotic microbes and prokaryotic microbes
Explanation:
Some microbes such as bacteria do not have a membrane-bound nucleus. So, their genetic material lies in the cytoplasm itself. These microbes are called prokaryotic microbes. All the bacterial species are prokaryotes. Example: <em>E. coli.
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On the other hand, some microbes have a well define nucleus to house their genetic material. These microbes are called eukaryotic microbes. Fungi and protists are the eukaryotic microbes. Example: plasmodium and slime mold.
- For protection or kind of defence mechanism against other organisms.- To reduce water loss from leaves in dry climate.
Answer:
Oncogenes result from a mutation in proto-oncogenes.
Explanation:
- Protooncogenes control the growth and division of cells.
- The proteins encoded by proto-oncogenes include growth factors, growth factor receptors, transcription factors and signal transducers.
- They contribute to the transformation process by driving cell proliferation or reducing sensitivity to cell death.
- Several types of genetic and epigenetic changes convert these proto-oncogenes to oncogenes.
- Oncogenes arise due to the changes that increases the expression of proto-oncogenes .
- Oncogenes are one of the causes of cancers.
A proto-oncogenes can turn into oncogene by following ways:
- A point mutation such as deletion, insertion and substitution in the proto-oncogene can lead to formation of oncogenes.
- Chromosomal translocation may result in activation of proto-oncogene as seen in Burkitt's lymphoma.
- Insertion of a mobile genetic material such as retrovirus changes the gene expression, but leaves their coding sequence intact.
- Activation of proto-oncogene can also occur from reduplication and amplification of DNA sequence.
