I would say Isaac Newton because his branch was basically physics. He was concerned with matter and motion. Also measuring mass of the sun and planets.
Aristotle pioneered the use of the term as meaning rule by the rich, for which another term commonly used today is plutocracy. In the early 20th century Robert Michels developed the theory that democracies, as all large organizations, have a tendency to turn into oligarchies.
The Nazi Party rose to power in Germany during the 1930s
Both countries were involved in a system if alliances.
