I'm pretty sure it's either A or D, sorry that i'm not the greatest help
It was the Mamluks. A Mamluk was a soldier who converted to Islam, and over the time that the military used, they became stronger and more powerful military. This was the only way and the only war that the Mongols lost.
The only term in your choices that involves 2 organisms rather than 1 is Meiosis.
