Answer:
D. Both a and c are correct.
Explanation:
The tragedy of the commons is a situation in a shared-resource system where individual users, acting independently according to their own self-interest, behave contrary to the common good of all users by depleting or spoiling the shared resource through their collective action.
It damages our environment (plants, animals) and impacts local tourism. It is smelly and dirty, and carries germs, bacteria and viruses. Places with a high degree of littering see a decreases in property values, and are more likely to be the site of fires.
Pollution is a negative externality. Economists illustrate the social costs of production with a demand and supply diagram. The social costs include the private costs of production incurred by the company and the external costs of pollution that are passed on to society.
Blowing litter can cause automobile accidents as well as land and air pollutions
Explanation:
Meiosis makes genetic variety possible. It makes sperm & egg cells called gametes. Each gamete has 23 chromosomes. To make a diploid cell two gametes (sperm & cell) come together.
During prophase 1 the chromosomes pair up with their homologous pairs so they can transfer their genetic information and exchange it between each other. It makes recombinant chromosomes that influence the genetic diversity between the same people.
Now they are in metaphase 1, the chromosomes are in pairs in the middle of the cell. In anaphase 1, the chromosomes are pulled away by the spindle fibers. Then in telophase 1, there are two formed nuclei. Cytokinesis 1 then splits the cytoplasm.
Now they are in meiosis 2. During prophase 2, there are chromosomes and the spindles are starting to form again without crossing over like in prophase 1. In metaphase 2, chromosomes are going to line up in the middle in both cells unlike during metaphase 1 where the chromosomes were only in pairs. In anaphase 2, only the chromatids are being pulled away by the spindle fibers. Next in telophase 2 the nuclei reform and the 2 cells are each going to divide into 4 cells. Finally, cytokinesis completely splits the cytoplasm.
Keeping in mind that each sex only produces one type of gamete cell (sperm or eggs), and of the independent assortment and crossing over of chromosomes, the end result will be diversity.
Answer:
The amount of solar radiation that reaches any one spot on the Earth's surface varies according to: Local weather. Because the Earth is round, the sun strikes the surface at different angles, ranging from 0° (just above the horizon) to 90° (directly overhead).
Explanation:
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Natural selection and speciation: 'Ecological speciation'. ... Natural selection is generally recognized as a central mechanism of evolutionary change within species. Thus, natural selection plays a major role in generating the array of phenotypic and genetic diversity observed in nature.
