No. "Children in the dark make mistakes" does not have the same meaning as "Mistakes in the dark make children." The first implies that without sufficient light, children would make mistakes, while the second implies that if you make mistakes in the dark, you'll have children.
The opposite of this sentence: "Children in the dark make mistakes", should be "Mistakes are made when Children are in a dark area".
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Oral means "spoken instead of written,by word of mouth." So the most likely answer is C. it's recited from memory. Examples of that would be Greek mythology,folklore,or legends. For the hundreds of years those were mainly passed down by word of mouth, from memory.
The most common form of taking notes while examining sources is C. summarizing
