Your question is incomplete, so I would have to give you a general overview to enable you get to the right answer.
The writer should logically integrate his research <u>after making a claim</u>
When a writer is trying to include a research into his essay, this is a supporting evidence that is used to <u>validate a claim.</u>
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With this in mind, we should know that the author is trying to <u>back up a claim</u> he has already previously made.
For example, if an author is trying to make a point about dangers of bush burning, after he had made a claim that bush burning can worsen the ozone layer (for example), then he would bring evidence which shows how much the ozone layer has deteriorated after series of bush burning over the years
With this in mind, a writer would logically integrate his research <u>after making a claim</u>
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Hello. You did not present the answer options, nor the text to which this question refers. This makes it impossible for your question to be answered accurately. However, I will try to help you in the best possible way.
To find the phrase that shows how much life and Elizabeth and James were unpleasant while they lived in the east, you will need to find the phrase that shows something negative that Elizaneth and James had to face while they were in the east. Furthermore, this phrase may show that nothing could free James and Elizabeth from this negative element, except a move to another region. This negative element can be presented by a narrator, or by James, or by Elizabeth. The important thing is that the phrase is able to show how much they were harmed by living in this region.
The answer correct answer is b