The answer is B) a federal system.
I just learned this in gov
Marbury v. Madison is the Supreme Court case that confirmed that the federal courts have the authority to declare laws unconstitutional. It did not necessarily create or establish the power as much as it confirmed that it is inherent in the power of the judicial branch even though it is not specifically stated in the Constitution. This was devised by Chief Justice John Marshall (former secretary of state to John Adams) when he declared parts of the Judiciary act of 1789 unconstitutional. William Marbury had been elected as a judge by Adams in the Judiciary act of 1801, but he was not commissioned by Marshall in time. When <span>Jefferson became president (March, 4, 1801), his secretary of state, James Madison, did not deliver the commission under the new Democratic-Republican party.</span>
They did it because they feared that without a specifically enumerated bill of rights that the government could become tyrannical in the same manner in which the British were tyrannical. They believed that rights of people and states should be written and stated officially instead of just being implied since implied things are easy to exploit and maneuver according to your needs.
Because it had the technology and capacity to do so. They also had a strong demand for coal abroad, thus they had a greater incentive to industrialise. Coal + industrialisation = $$.
Not only this but the evolving industrial sector for weaving, thanks to the spinning Jenny lead to further industrialisation. The mechanisation of farming led to urbanisation as well. Displaced farmers and their families moving to the cities in search of work.
