D. the Himalayan Mountains in Nepal
Answer:
First-hand ethnographic fieldwork
Explanation:
Ethnography is the detailed account of a society and its culture by observing the social interactions that people have. This gives us an accurate description of a society and its culture as it not influenced by outside factors.
Here, Maria is studying the the lives of women in coffee farming communities in Brazil. She is observing them directly and making sure her presence does not influence their interactions. She is also doing this herself which means her research will not be affected by someone else's perspective.
Hence, she is using the strategy of first-hand ethnographic fieldwork.
The correct answer is letter D.
Preparedness if often linked to the concept of learned helplessness. This is the common adaptive behavior of humans or organisms to certain experiences that have happened before. Usually it is a repeated painful stimuli that an organism has endured many times, which then when presented again, enables the organism to escape or avoid the situation. In essence, the stimulus is familiar, hence, the organism learns how to prepare for the outcome or consequence.
