Figurative is something that shouldn't be taking literally. For example, when you say "I have a ton of homework" you don't really mean you have 2000 pounds of homework.
Answer:
1. War and insecurity 2. Economic crisis (poverty) 3. Overpopulation
Explanation:
1. War and insecurity - as example Syrian crisis and war against ISIS
2. Economic crisis (poverty) - mass immigration from Poland to USA in the late XIX and early XX century.
3. Overpopulation - mass immigration to Europe from African countries in the last few decades.
The answer is "B".Portugual's wealth increased due to their comtrol of spice trade with India
