The main difference was Monotheism. Judaism, unlike other earlier religions from the Middle East, worshiped one god. In ancient times, when Judaism arose, the prevailing religions in the region were Assyro-Babylonian religion and the Canaanite religions, that used to worship many gods and, in some cases, were more consistent in worshiping one particular god above others.
Other concepts totally new in South East Asia that Judaism brought was the idea of being a chosen people by God and the Messianism, this is the concept of a divine message sent to the people of God through messengers or prophets.
