The nucleus contains <u>protons</u> and <u>neutrons</u><u>,</u> giving it an overall <u>positive</u> charge.
It is the natural/genetic ability of an organism to avoid or repel attack by biotic agents (pests etc.) or to withstand the effects of abiotic agents example (chemicals).
The significance of the spore formation during the reproductive cycle of the bacterium is that, it provide a defensive strategy against hostile and unfavorable conditions. The spore formation allows the bacterium to reproduce and spread even when the conditions are not favorable. The spore formation also make it possible for the bacterium to remain dormant over a long period of time during unfavorable conditions, waiting for the right conditions to become active again.
