Causes: According to Muslim sources, the Muslim soldiers attacked the native Jews who had barricaded themselves in forts. Muslim sources accuse Jews living in Khaybar of a plan to unite with other Jews from Banu Wadi Qurra, Taima', Fadak as well as Ghatafan Arab tribe to attack Madinah.
Events: The Muslims set out for Khaybar in March 628, Muharram AH 7. According to different sources, the strength of the Muslim army varied from 1,400 to 1,800 men and between 100 and 200 horses. Some Muslim women (including Umm Salama) also joined the army, in order to take care of the wounded. Compared to the Khaybarian fighting strength of 10,000, the Muslim contingent was small, but this provided an advantage, allowing them to swiftly and quietly march to Khaybar (in only three days), catching the city by surprise. It also made Khaybar overconfident. As a result, the Jews failed to mount a centrally organized defense, leaving each family to defend its own fortified redoubt. This underestimation of the Muslims allowed Muhammad to conquer each fortress one by one with relative ease, claiming food, weapons, and land as he went. Just a small summary, I would be here for hours writing about the whole thing:)
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I would say that the Mayan and Aztec civilizations influence would be especially in the architecture of their buildings and pyramids. The Mayans had well laid out stone complexes complete with temples, ball courts and had carved stelae or mythical figures in the complexes. The Aztecs had pyramids also, like the Temples of the Sun and Moon at Tenochtitlan near Mexico laid out according to their astronomical observations.
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<u>Painting "The Last Supper"</u>
- It is a mural painting made between 1495 and 1498 by Leonardo da Vinci (1452-1519) did not charge for this painting. It was commissioned by Ludovico Sforza for the Convent of Santa Maria delle Grazie in Milan, Italy.
- The artist uses the vanishing perspective or linear perspective, which is a characteristic of Renaissance art. The main focus of his perspective is the character of Jesus, who is the center of reference for artistic composition.
- Leonardo Davinci combines the use of vanishing perspective with the classical architectural representation, creating the illusion that the space in the convent where the painting was located seemed wider.
- Another characteristic element of the Renaissance was the use of a window system to introduce natural light sources and spatial depth into the paintings. In “The Last Supper”, the lighting comes from the three windows in the background.
<u>Painting "The Ambassadors"
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- The painting is actually called “Jean de Dinteville and Georges de Selve”. It was created by Hans Holbein the Younger in 1533.
- In this work, two characters look directly at the viewer, a very new effect for the time.
- In the lower part there is an element that gives a complex character to the painting: it looks like a deformed human skull. Technically it is an anamorphosis, that is, an intentional deformation of an image that can only be corrected by an optical effect such as a curved mirror. This innovative technique forces the viewer to be in a specific perspective to be able to see the image correctly.
