The church, biblical laws.
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Let's see where the word tumultuous is used here:
Magellan named the ocean Pacifico (Pacific) which means peaceful because, compared to the tumultuous strait they had just been through, the ocean was amazingly calm.
We see that they named the ocean the Pacific Ocean because it was very peaceful and calm compared to a tumultuous strait. This shows us that tumultuous is probably the opposite of peaceful. It probably means crazy, hectic, rough, harsh, etc. After going through a crazy thunderstorm, a light sprinkle would seem very peaceful, which is similar to how Magellan probably feels here.
This definition matches best with answer A. rough and uncertain.
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Answer:
The right answer is "The spread of U.S. fast-food chains around the world."
Explanation:
It is a fact that the American way of life and mass culture have been very successsful in their world acceptance. You can find McDonald´s and KFC restaurants in China, Europe, or in Latin America .