The “sphere” in lithosphere, atmosphere, and hydrosphere means envelop. The atmosphere, therefore, consists of gases that envelop the Earth. The hydrosphere defines the water that covers 71% of the Earth's surface. The lithosphere refers to the rocks of the Earth's surface and upper mantle, or the depth of the plates.
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Oil spills also damage nesting grounds, potentially causing serious long-term effects on entire species. ... By coating feathers, oil not only makes flying impossible but also destroys birds' natural waterproofing and insulation, leaving them vulnerable to hypothermia or overheating.
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Formation. Our solar system formed about 4.5 billion years ago from a dense cloud of interstellar gas and dust. The cloud collapsed, possibly due to the shockwave of a nearby exploding star, called a supernova. When this dust cloud collapsed, it formed a solar nebula—a spinning, swirling disk of material. Approximately 4.6 billion years ago, the solar system was a cloud of dust and gas known as a solar nebula. Gravity collapsed the material in on itself as it began to spin, forming the sun in the center of the nebula. With the rise of the sun, the remaining material began to clump together. Part of Hall of the Universe. The Sun and the planets formed together, 4.6 billion years ago, from a cloud of gas and dust called the solar nebula. A shock wave from a nearby supernova explosion probably initiated the collapse of the solar nebula. ... In a similar manner, moons formed orbiting the gas giant planets. Hope this helps!
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B.Adopted Chinese institutions
