What are the steps in protein synthesis

1 answer:

4 0

Unzipping. - DNA double helix unwinds to expose a sequence of nitrogenous bases. ...Transcription. A copy of one of the DNA strand is made. ...Translation (Initiation) mRNA couples w/ ribosome & tRNA brings free amino acids to ribosomes.Elongation. - Anticodon of tRNA recognizes codon on mRNA. ...Termination.

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4 steps for Gene cloning

Marat540 [252]

Step 1: Isolate the two kinds of DNA.

Step 2: Treat the plasmid and foreign DNA with the same restriction enzyme.

Step 3: Mix the foreign DNA with chopped plasmids.

Step 4: Add DNA ligase.

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3 years ago

A spectacular marine animal has a network of glassy spicules that forms a sac-like structure. This animal does not have true tis

PolarNik [594]

Answer:

Sponges use choanocytes or flagellated channels to get nutrients from the feeding cells to other parts of their body.

Explanation:

Sponges are marine animals with a sac-shaped body. The epidermis is composed of polygonal flat cells called pinacocytes and pores protected by porocytes. Under the epidermis, there is a protein matrix called mesenchyme, which is composed of spicules and amibocytes. By the interior side of the sponge, there are the choanocytes. These are ovoid cells that can be shaping the spongocoele (internal cavity of the sponge), with an extreme attached to the mesenchyme and the other extreme projected to the spongocoele, or can be grouped in spaces called flagellated channels.

These animals depend on water to get oxygen and food to the inside of the sac and take excrements and reproductive cells to the outside. Sponges feed on small detritus particles and suspending organisms that get near the animal by water streams produced by choanocytes.

Particle size is essential. Only the small ones can get through the flagellated channels, where they get stuck to the choanocytes and are encapsulated by the cells. If the choanocytes are too small, the particle is transferred to the amibocytes for digestion. These last ones also act as food storages. Excrement products are dragged by a water stream.

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3 years ago

To be injured by an animal with poisonous spines, you must: Select one: Be within a radius of 3 m/10 ft, as most poisonous anima

Mama L [17]

To be injured by an animal with poisonous spines, you must: be the aggressor and touch the animal first.

<h3>What is the use of spines in animals?</h3>

Spines are hard, needle-like anatomical structures found in both vertebrate and invertebrate species.
The spines of most spiny mammals are modified hairs, with a spongy center covered in a thick, hard layer of keratin and a sharp tip.
Spines on an animal’s body help defend it.
They can be irritating or painful, or difficult to swallow.
Spines are also important tools for communication, shock absorption, and rain protection.
Animals like porcupine shoot their spines (quills) for defense. Some spines can also pass through gloves.
To prevent attacked by an animal with poisonous spines you must remain calm and observe your surroundings.