Answer:Islam had already spread into northern Africa by the mid-seventh century A.D., only a few decades after the prophet Muhammad moved with his followers from Mecca to Medina on the neighboring Arabian Peninsula (622 A.D./1 A.H.). The Arab conquest of Spain and the push of Arab armies as far as the Indus River culminated in an empire that stretched over three continents, a mere hundred years after the Prophet’s death. Between the eighth and ninth centuries, Arab traders and travelers, then African clerics, began to spread the religion along the eastern coast of Africa and to the western and central Sudan (literally, “Land of Black people”), stimulating the development of urban communities. Given its negotiated, practical approach to different cultural situations, it is perhaps more appropriate to consider Islam in Africa in terms of its multiple histories rather then as a unified movement.
The first converts were the Sudanese merchants, followed by a few rulers and courtiers (Ghana in the eleventh century and Mali in the thirteenth century). The masses of rural peasants, however, remained little touched. In the eleventh century, the Almoravid intervention , led by a group of Berber nomads who were strict observers of Islamic law, gave the conversion process a new momentum in the Ghana empire and beyond. The spread of Islam throughout the African continent was neither simultaneous nor uniform, but followed a gradual and adaptive path. However, the only written documents at our disposal for the period under consideration derive from Arab sources (see, for instance, accounts by geographers al-Bakri and Ibn Battuta)
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The thirteen original states operated more as separate nations than constituent parts of one country.
Explanation:
The Continental Congress named f*** member commission to negotiate a treaty John Adams, Benjamin Franklin, John jay, Thomas Jefferson, and Henry Laurens
What is one way the Farm Holiday Association protested the federal government?-B by refusing to sell produce or purchase other goods
Which of the following funded state and private relief agencies, such as the Red Cross?-C President's Organization of Unemployment Relief
How did the Great Depression impact African Americans?-A Declining Agricultural prices, C Business owners conspired
Select three sentences from the highlighted text- 3.With the addition of sound movies became increasingly popular, 4.Radio was also wildly popular,offering many kinds of programs from sermons to soap operas, 5.In the 1930s big bands and swing music were popular with Duke Ellington Benny Goodman and Glen Miller popular bandleaders.
Russia in the late 19th and early 20th century was a massive empire, stretching from Poland to the Pacific, and home in 1914 to 165 million people of many languages, religions, and cultures. Ruling such a massive state was difficult, and the long-term problems within Russia were eroding the Romanov monarchy. In 1917, this decay finally produced a revolution<span>, which swept the old system away. Several key fault lines can be identified as long-term causes, while the short-term trigger is accepted as being </span>World War 1<span>.
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