They lay eggs because they don't have the genetics or things in their body to give birth.
Answer:
The correct answer is: d. REs activity is best preserved by freezing the RE and thawing it out for brief periods of time as needed.
Explanation:
- Restriction enzymes can be defined as endonucleases that can recognize specific nucleotide sequence in a DNA (Deoxyribonucleic acid) sequence and cause breakage of phosphodiester bond in the DNA at the target site. Hence, it has the capacity of cleaving a DNA sequence.
- These are made up of proteins which are required to be present in the accurately folded conformation in order to function.
- Any form of alteration in the three-dimensional structure of the protein induced due to physical, chemical, mechanical or physiological factors can cause denaturation of the protein which in turn can render the protein non-functional.
- Freezing of restriction enzymes (REs) directly without the use of glycerol will cause the movement of water molecules within the proteins as well layering of water molecules on the protein surface.
- At low temperature these water molecules change to ice crystals which can alter the conformation of the protein or can cause breakage of peptide bonds in the proteins by physical force.
- This can cause the protein to get denatured and hence non-functional.
- Hence, it is never advisable to preserve REs by freezing directly without glycerol.
- Glycerol forms a layer around the protein molecules and prevents the protein molecules from coming into direct contact with the water molecules and hence prevents protein denaturation.
A letter is a type of non-fictional written, typed, or printed communication. These are typically sent to the receiver via mail or postal service in an envelope and are typically written to facilitate communication between two people.
A 12, Civil lines,
XYZ Road,
Delhi.
23 Aug. 2022,
I hope you and your family are doing good. I am writing this letter to let you know the way we celebrate independence day in Ghana. All the streets and roads are decorated with confetti. Firecrackers are being lit everywhere. The kids are getting their faces painted with Ghana's flag. My mother is also cooking a special dinner for all of us. I will send you pictures of the entire event. Thanks!
Yours truly,
XYZ.
To learn more about letter writing refer here: brainly.com/question/23864960
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Answer:
Three proteins directly contribute to the proton gradient by moving protons across the membrane
Explanation:
The Electron transport chain is a group of proteins and molecules incrusted in the internal mitochondrial membrane and organized into four complexes, I, II, III, and IV. These complexes contain the electron transporters and the enzymes necessary to catalyze the electron transference from one complex to the other. Complex I contains the flavine mononucleotide -FMN- that receives electrons from the NADH. The coenzyme Q, located in the lipidic interior of the membrane, conducts electrons from complex I and II to complex III. The complex III contains cytochrome b, from where electrons go to cytochrome c, which is a peripheric membrane protein. Electrons travel from cytochrome c to cytochromes a and a3, located in the complex IV. Finally, they go back to the matrix, where they combine to H+ ions and oxygen, to form the water molecule. As electrons are transported through the chain, protons are bombed through three proteinic complexes from the matrix to the intermembrane space. These are complexes I, III and IV.
I do not understand your question fully because there might be some context missing to it:
Having more nuclei is not something caused by the lack of a process or stage. Some muscle cells usually fuse together, which means they become one. But before they became one, each had their own nuclei. And when they fused, each one kept their nuclei, making one cell with more than one nuclei.
Those cells are called multinucleated cells.
Hope it helped,
BioTeacher101
