In political science, a "nation" refers to a group of people who feel bound into a single body by shared culture, values, folkways, religion and/or language. A "state" just refers to a patch of land with a sovereign government. States often coincide with nations (and are called "nation-states," but not always.
'Peace through strength' is the idea that military power can secure peace. It is associated with conservative politics and was often used by the former U.S. President Ronald Reagan in the 1980s. More recently it's been used by the current President Donald Trump.
The Jamestown colony had little food in the early years for multiple reasons:
1) Lack of knowledge regarding terrain- Considering that this was the first permanent English settlement, the colonists were unaware of the climate and the weather and how this would affect crops on a long term basis.
2) Conflicts with Native Americans- The establishment of the Jamestown colony was not well received by many Native American groups, as they viewed the English as enroaching on their territory. This limited what resources/where the colonists could travel.
Hoover hoped private charities would take care of the needs of poor Americans.
