Popular vote is the amount of votes that exist nationwide and that can get cast during a voting process. In some countries it represents the number of electors while in some it represents the general population that has come of age and has voting rights. In history the number of voters was much lower since not everyone was a part of the popular vote.
He used a notebook to conduct conversations with friends, family and colleagues. That's all I know. I hope it helps!
They agree to sell shares/stocks of their company in an IPO, Initial Public Offering. They can raise billions of dollars this way instead of what a bank would loan at whatever interest rate