The impact of the Atlantic trade routes established in the mid 1600s were absolutely essential to the economic success of Great Britain. Sugar and tobacco were the two mainstays.
"a) through attrition and massive advances on several fronts" is the correct answer. The main advantage of the North was that there were far more soldiers than in the South.
In North Africa, muslim influence at the time was quite established. This region of the world was under muslim influence almost since the start of the religion itself. For that reason, there were a lot of muslim characteristics in the culture of the tribes and civilizations that lived in that area.
It’s and example of internationalism