If a scientist is studying an infectious agent in a lab, it is very important to understand the implications of evolution because then the scientist will be able to predict how the agent will adapt to different hosts.
Osmosis. Cell membranes are "selectively permeable", where water is able to cross the cell membrane, but things that are dissolved in the water (solutes) are not. There are also small proteins called aquaporins which are designed to channel the movement of water across a cell membrane. You have to remember that water will move to achieve an equal solute concentration with that exists outside of the cell. A Hypotonic solution means that the liquid outside of the cells has LESS solutes in it than the cell does. Cells will take up water to match the low solute concentration outside the cells. A Hypertonic solution will have MORE solutes than the cell, and the cell will lose water to match the concentration outside the cell. Cells in a hypertonic solution will shrivel up, and cells will take up so much fluid in a hypotonic solution that they may burst.
Answer:
9/16 black, 3/16 brown, 4/16 white
Explanation:
BD Bd bD bd
BD BBDD BBDd BbDD BbDd
Bd BBDd BBdd BbDd Bbdd
bD BbDD BbDd bbDD bbDd
bd BbDd Bbdd bbDd bbdd
A punnet square can be described as a diagram which is made to predict the genotype as well as the phenotypes of the offsprings of a cross.
To study the epistatis nature of the pigmentation in bear, a punnet square was made and the results of the punnet square are shown above.
The results of the punnet square show that the cross between two bears will have the chances of producing 9/16 black bears, 3/16 brown bears and 4/16 white bears.
A certain bacterial mRNA is known to represent only one gene and to contain about 800 nucleotides. If you assume that the average amino acid residue contributes 110 to the peptide molecular weight, the largest polypeptide that this mRNA could code for would have a molecular weight of about _______.
A) 800.
B) 5,000.
C) 30,000.
D) 80,000.
E) An upper limit cannot be determined from the data given
Answer:
c. 30,000
Explanation:
The gene has a total of 800 nucleotides and would be transcribed into an mRNA having about 800 nucleotides. The nucleotides of mRNA are read in the form of genetic triplets. This means that the mRNA with 800 nucleotides would have about 800/3= 266.66 or 266 genetic codes. This mRNA would be translated into a polypeptide chain having around 266 amino acids.
One amino acid contributes 110 to the molecular weight. The total molecular weight of the largest possible polypeptide that can be encoded by the said gene would b 266 x 110= 29260 (around 30,000).
