Czechoslovakia. The peaceful transfer is known as the Velvet Revolution or Gentle Revolution.
Answer: The Answer to 1 is the Maori
The Answer to 2 is Easter island.
Answer: Hiram Rhodes Revels, the first African-American to serve the US senate
Answer:
"It's not enough to be friendly. You have to be a friend."
I believe the answer may be D. In taking action, one must not worry about success or failure.