Answer: Ultramares corporation v. Touche established Ultramares doctrine. Hochfelder v. Ernst & Ernst ruled that scienter is required before CPAs can be held liable.
Explanation:
All the options except the above are true. Ultramares corporation v. Touche did establish the Ultramares doctrine.
United States v. Natelli sentenced two CPAs to prison for a year, in addition to fines, for violating the Securities Exchange Act of 1934.
Bily v. Arthur Young did not uphold the restatement doctrine. The restatement doctrine restatement doctrine makes an auditor liable to people who rely on the quality of his work be they his clients or third parties. Two high courts ruled that auditors are not liable to third parties who use their work but only to the party that contracted their work.
However, Hochfelder v. Ernst & Ernst ruled that an allegation of scienter (an intention to deceive) is not required before CPAs can be held liable as long as the actions constitute actual deception.
While rule 10b-5 of the Exchange Act states the presence of scienter as a requirement to commit an offense, the court ruled against the statute by eliminating the Scienter clause from criminal statute and ruled against Ernst & Ernst.
The answer is D) Average summer temperatures.
Answer:
interdependence and individual rights.
Explanation:
The basis for organic solidarity is based on the notion of interdependece between individuals ,
According to Durkheim
"Organic solidarity turns into social cohesion as individuals rely more on each other "
Contrasted to Mechanical solidarity, where primitive societies or prior to industrialization show less dependence for a lack of specialized work:
The nomadic or hunting tribes, the typical example (mechanical solidarity)
With industrialization, specialization of work and the complementarities between people turn to the basis of organic solidarity.
Industrial societies (UK, Germany are historical examples)
Answer:
Scientific jury selection.
Explanation:
This explained to be the use of social science techniques and expertise to choose favorable juries during a criminal or civil trial. Scientific jury selection is used during the jury selection phase of the trial when lawyers have the opportunity to question jurors and they and the judge choose which people will be on the jury. It almost always entails an expert's assistance in the attorney's use of peremptory challenges the right to reject a certain number of potential jurors without stating a reason during jury selection. The practice is currently confined to the American legal system.
Answer:
Yes
Explanation:
Because nobody can keep you down unless you decide not to rise again and progress has a little to do with speed,but much to do with direction.
