Answer:
Multiple Trajectories of Islam in Africa
Islam had already spread into northern Africa by the mid-seventh century
A.D., only a few decades after the prophet Muhammad moved with his
followers from Mecca to Medina on the neighboring Arabian Peninsula (622
A.D./1 A.H.). The Arab conquest of Spain and the push of Arab armies as far as
the Indus River culminated in an empire that stretched over three continents,
a mere hundred years after the Prophet’s death. Between the eighth and
ninth centuries, Arab traders and travelers, then African clerics, began to
spread the religion along the eastern coast of Africa and to the western and
central Sudan (literally, “Land of Black people”), stimulating the development
of urban communities. Given its negotiated, practical approach to different
cultural situations, it is perhaps more appropriate to consider Islam in Africa in
terms of its multiple histories rather then as a unified movement.
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