The Whig Party<span> was a </span>political party<span> active in the middle of the 19th century in the United States. Four </span>US presidents<span> belonged to the party while in office.</span>[5]<span> It emerged in the 1830s as the leading opponent of Jacksonians, pulling together former members of the </span>National Republican<span> (one of the successors of the Democratic-Republican Party) and </span>Anti-Masonic Parties<span>. It had distant links to the upscale traditions of the </span>Federalist Party<span>. Along with the rival Democratic Party, it was central to the </span>Second Party System<span> from the early 1840s to the mid-1860s.</span>[6]<span> It originally formed in opposition to the policies of President </span>Andrew Jackson<span> (in office 1829–37) and his </span>Democratic Party<span>. In particular, the Whigs supported the supremacy of the </span>US Congress<span> over the Presidency and favored a program of </span>modernization<span>, banking, and economic </span>protectionism<span> to stimulate manufacturing. It appealed to entrepreneurs, planters, reformers and the emerging urban middle class, but had little appeal to farmers or unskilled workers. It included many active Protestants, and voiced a moralistic opposition to the Jacksonian </span>Indian removal<span>. Party founders chose the "Whig" name to echo the </span>American Whigs<span> of the 18th century who fought for independence. The underlying political philosophy of the American Whig Party was not directly related to the </span>British Whig party.[7]<span> Historian Frank Towers has specified a deep ideological divide:</span>
Buddhism is the religion that emphasizes detachment <span>from worldly goods, originated in India and missionaries spread it to China, Japan, and other parts of Asia. Buddhism is a non theistic religion.</span>
On December 29, off the coast of Brazil, Constitution defeats the British frigate Java. After a fierce battle lasting almost three hours, the British surrender.
