Question

Describe how the presence of possible outliers might be identified on the following. (a) histograms gap between the first bar and the rest of bars or between the last bar and the rest of bars large group of bars to the left or right of a gap higher center bar than surrounding bars gap around the center of the histogram higher far left or right bar than surrounding bars (b) dotplots large gap around the center of the data large gap between data on the far left side or the far right side and the rest of the data large groups of data to the left or right of a gap large group of data in the center of the dotplot large group of data on the left or right of the dotplot (c) stem-and-leaf displays several empty stems in the center of the stem-and-leaf display large group of data in stems on one of the far sides of the stem-and-leaf display large group of data near a gap several empty stems after stem including the lowest values or before stem including the highest values large group of data in the center stems (d) box-and-whisker plots data within the fences placed at Q1 â’ 1.5(IQR) and at Q3 + 1.5(IQR) data beyond the fences placed at Q1 â’ 2(IQR) and at Q3 + 2(IQR) data within the fences placed at Q1 â’ 2(IQR) and at Q3 + 2(IQR) data beyond the fences placed at Q1 â’ 1.5(IQR) and at Q3 + 1.5(IQR) data beyond the fences placed at Q1 â’ 1(IQR) and at Q3 + 1(IQR)

Answer 1

Answer:

it is D

Step-by-step explanation:

Answer 2

Answer:

Option d

Step-by-step explanation:

(d) box-and-whisker plots data within the fences placed at Q1 â’ 1.5(IQR) and at Q3 + 1.5(IQR) data beyond the fences placed at Q1 â’ 2(IQR) and at Q3 + 2(IQR) data within the fences placed at Q1 â’ 2(IQR) and at Q3 + 2(IQR) data beyond the fences placed at Q1 â’ 1.5(IQR) and at Q3 + 1.5(IQR) data beyond the fences placed at Q1 â’ 1(IQR) and at Q3 + 1(IQR)

Outliers are defined as points or readings which lie far away from the normal readings.  Extreme items such as very large or very large compared to the other values are outliers.

OUtliers are caused by sampling errors, or variability. Outliers give misleading results sometimes very seriously

Hence all entries are arranged in ascending order , middle entry marked as median, and 1/4 th after is marked as I quartile Q1, and 3/4th is marked as Q3

Outliers are found out by fixing the range for non outliers as

(Q1-1.5IQR,Q3+1.5IQR) where IQR = Q3-Q1

The values beyond this intervals are outliers