<span>The process must occur before the gametophyte generation is Sporophyte. A sporophyte is the diploid generation of a plant or alga that has a double set of chromosomes. [ All land plants, and some algae, have life cycles in which a multicellular haploid gametophyte generation alternates with a multicellular diploid generation. In the Gymnosperms and flowering plants (Angiosperms), the sporophyte generation is the most prominent phase, comprising the familiar green plant with its roots, stem, leaves and cones or flowers. In the flowering plants, the gametophytes are very reduced in size, and are represented by the pollen and the embryo sac.</span>
Answer:
Every organisms on the planet requires a specific environmental conditions for its growth and survival. If the environmental condition is favorable, the organisms grow fast and if the conditions are not suitable so it adversely affected the organisms. For example, plants grow best at the temperature between 25 to 40 Celsius. If the temperature goes below 25 or above 40, the growth decrease and sometimes the plant dies. So climate and abiotic factors such as temperature, humidity, light intensity etc has a great impact on the organisms.
Pigment molecules capturing photons in the chloroplast are organized in distinct structures called photosystems.
Photosynthetic pigments, which include chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b, and carotenoids, are light-harvesting molecules found in chloroplast thylakoid membranes. As previously stated, pigments and proteins are organized into complexes known as photosystems.
Photosystems are functional units for photosynthesis that are defined by specific pigment organization and association patterns. Their work is the absorption and transfer of light energy, which implies electron transfer. Photosystems are physically found in thylakoid membranes.
Chloroplasts are chlorophyll-containing organelles found in plant cells; they are essential for life on Earth because photosynthesis occurs in chloroplasts. Proplastids give rise to chloroplasts, as do chromoplasts, leucoplasts, and other plastids. Light energy absorption and conversion into biological energy
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D) no change in cardiac output, increased heart rate, decreased stroke volume occurs after blood donation
Explanation:
When a person donates blood, there is a slight loss of blood volume or hypovolemia. This triggers the baroreceptors of the blood; although does not trigger the osmoreceptor.
The baroreceptor responses are according to the arterial pressure which rises momentarily and results in increased sympathetic activity with decreased vagal activity.
These changes will lead to vasoconstriction, reduced stroke volume, increased heart rate or tachycardia which helps to maintain the cardiac output.
The soreness at the venepuncture site on the skin is due to bruising which is common after any needleprick. applying cold pack, elevating and resting the arm.
In order to compensate for the fluid volume loss and avoid dehydration, one must take plenty of fluids before and after blood donation.
Answer:
Ecology is the branch of biology that deals with the relations of organisms to one another and to their physical surroundings.