We must first define these three prominent definitions of species. Biological species concept means that organisms resemble each other because of genes being passed from parent to offspring. Phylogenetic species concept means that organisms resemble each other because they evolved from a common ancestor. Lastly, morphological species concept characterizes species on the structure of their body parts rather than genetic or phylogeny.
In this case, (1) biological species concept is not applicable for extinct species, (2) phylogenetic species concept is based on evolutionary history, (3) morphological species concept relies on similarities in structure, (4) Morphological and phylogenetic species concept accommodates asexual reproduction, and lastly (5) all species concepts are used by scientists in classification.
Pharmacogenomic is defined as <span>the study of the role of the </span>genome<span> in </span>drug<span> response. It is a combination of Pharmacology and Genomics.
It studies how the genetic makeup of an individual affects his or her response to drugs. For example, a certain drug is administered to two individuals. One doesn't have any adverse reaction while the other one has. Pharmacogenomics will then conduct tests and study its results on why two individuals given the same drug have different reaction to it.</span>
<span>they maintain the integrity of the cell membrane </span>
