Thanks for the question,
To classify organisms, scientists use similarities and variations among species. typically these variations area unit simple to ascertain, like whether or not associate animal has fur, feathers, or scales. There area unit seven main assortment ranks: kingdom, phylum or division, class, order, family, genus, species.
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Answer:
releasing cytokines that will destroy the foreign cells.
Explanation:
Here is the complete question
A client's exposure to an infectious microorganism has stimulated the client's immune response, including activation of effector (cytotoxic) T cells. These cells will help to eliminate pathogens by:
releasing cytokines that will destroy the foreign cells.
stimulating B cells to become more immunologically active.
releasing antibodies from within their cells membrane.
initiating the inflammatory response.
Answer:
Due to increase or decrease in the concentration of carbohydrates have no effect on protein concentration.
Explanation:
A diet having 90% carbohydrates support the same amount of protein in the human body as a diet that is only 15% carbohydrates because with the increase or decrease of carbohydrates in the diet does not increase the amount of protein. Protein and carbohydrates are two different things, proteins broken down into amino acid that is utilize by the body for making muscles while carbohydrates are broken down into glucose that is used by the body for performing daily activities.
When guard cells lose potassium ions, water diffuses out of the cells by osmosis. As water leaves the cells, they become flaccid and less bowed, which closes the stomata between them.
Answer:
The functions of the skeletal muscles are affected by the CNS via the two sets of neurons, that is, lower motor neuron and upper motor neurons. The PNS comprises sensory neurons and motor neurons. The lower motor neuron is monitored by the upper motor neuron.
Hyporeflexia occurs because of the dysfunction of the lower motor neuron or its lesion. The lower motor neurons refer to the neurons, which innervate the skeletal muscles directly. Destruction to the central nervous system leads to hyper reflexes and destruction to the peripheral nervous system results in hyporeflexia.
