I think C since they share valence electrons
<u>Answer</u>: Sperm cell
<u>Explanation</u>:
Amongst all the 4 options given, only the Sperm cell is a gamete (sex cell) while all the three are somatic cells.
- A <em>somatic</em> cell is the one which forms the body of an organism and contains all the genetic information.
- A <em>gamete</em> is the one which is required for the purpose of fertilization. A gamete of male fuses with the gamete of female in a process called fertilization to form a zygote to give rise to a new individual.
- A Sperm cell is basically a <em>male gamete.</em> It contains only half the amount of genetic information as the other half is contributed by the female gamete.
- This difference in the amount of genetic information arises due to the type of cell division that occurs. The somatic cells undergo mitosis whereas a gamete requires meiosis to occur for its formation.
- During mitosis there is a single round of cell division which divides the parent cell into two daughter cells each with the <em>complete genetic information</em>.
- During meiosis the cell undergoes two rounds of cell division such that a total lf 4 cells are produced each <em>with half the amount of genetic material </em>as present in the parent cell.
Since, <em>sperm is a male gamete and is formed by meiosis it contains only half the genetic information as compared to the other cells.</em>
Explanation:
A single nucleotide-pair substitution missense mutation causes a change of a single amino acid into another. Aa a result, the produced protein will have an almost normal sequence except for one amino acid.
On the other hand, a frameshift mutation changes the Open Reading Frame (ORF) of the ribosome. The ribosome moves along the mRNA every three nucleotides (codons) and translates them into amino acids that will form the nascent protein. If there is a frameshift mutation (an insertion or deletion of a number of nucleotides not multiple of three) the ribosome will "read" the mRNA differently and will identify different codons than the wild-type sequence, so a large number of amino acids will be different in the mutated protein.
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