Chemical factory fire, chemical spill turned the river red
Running water is the leading cause of soil erosion, because water is abundant and has a lot of power. Wind is also a leading cause of soil erosion because wind can pick up soil and blow it far away.
As the magma cools and solidifies, the convection currents will stop and the Earth will become geologically dead.
locks. They raise ships to the water level of the differeny body of water that will be entered.